SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON SEA TURTLES AND THEIR HABITATS IN THE TRANSFRONTIER TURTLE ISLANDS HERITAGE PROTECTED AREA OF THE PHILIPPINES AND MALAYSIA AND GENERALLY IN THE PHILIPPINES

LEGAL ISSUANCES

Act No. 4003. "An Act to Amend and Complete the Laws
Regulating to Fish and other Aquatic Resources of the
Philippine Islands, and for Other Purposes." 5 December
1932

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 18. "Revised Administrative
Code and of Sections 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 55 of Act No.
4003. An Act to Amend and Complete the Laws
Regulating to Fish and other Aquatic Resources of the
Philippine Islands, and for Other Purposes." Manila. 31
August 1940.

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 23. "Regulations establishing
a closed season period for the conservation of turtles,
turtle eggs and turtles shells in the Turtle Islands." 26 July
1948.

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 29. "Rules and regulations
governing the gathering of aquatic turtle eggs." Manila.
28 April 1951.

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 29-1. "Amending Sections 8
and 9 of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 29." 24
April 1952.

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 36. "To establish a closed
season period for the gathering or killing of marine
turtles, turtle eggs, or turtle shells." 12 June 1954.

Fisheries Administrative Order No. 68. "Amending Section 2 of
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 36." 2 August 1962.

Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Fisheries
Administrative Order No. 76. "Regulations governing the
collecting and gathering of Marine Turtles." 1 Apr.1964.

Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Fisheries
Administrative Order No. 88. "Regulations for the
conservation of turtle, turtle eggs and turtle shells in the
Philippines." 9 June 1967.

Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources General
Administrative Order No. 2. "Transferring the
Administration and Control of Turtles to the Parks and
Wildlife Office and for Other Purposes." 28 March
1972.

Bureau of Forestry Administrative Order No. 1. "Regulations
Governing the Collecting Gathering and/or Disposing
Marine Turtle, Turtle Eggs and its By Products." 10 July
1974/18 October 1974.

Executive Order No. 542. "Creating the task force Pawikan and
Appropriating funds thereof." 26 June 1979. 2 pp."

Ministry of Natural Resources. MNR Administrative Order; No.
12., Series of 1979. Regulations for the conservation of
Marine Turtles in the Philippines. 2 pp.

Bureau of Forest Development Circular No. 8. "MNR
Administrative Order No. 12, Series of 1979. RE:
Regulations for the Conservation of Marine Turtles in the
Philippines." 15 November 1979.

Ministry of Natural Resources Special Order No. 201. "Creation
of a implementing organization of the Pawikan Task
Force to implement the Pawikan Conservation Program
of Philippines." 20 August 1980.

Executive Order No. 708. "Reorganizing the Office of the
President and Creating the Office of the Prime Minister
Pursuant to the 1981 Amendments to the Constitution."
Manila, 27 July 1981.

Ministry of Natural Resources Special Order No. 98. "Delegation
of Authority to Rogelio Macasaet, Romulo del Mundo
and Edwin Jaballas to Conduct Inventory and Marking
of Turtle Stocks." 25 February 1982.

Ministry of Natural Resources Memorandum Order No. 6.
"Suspension of Permits on Marine Turtle Exploitation."
29 April 1982.

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 8.
Establishment of Certain Islands in the Provinces of
Tawi-Tawi, Palawan and Antique as Marine Turtle
Sanctuaries." 8 June 1982.

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 10.
"Deputizing the Governor and Vice-Governor of Tawi-
Tawi, Municipal Mayor and Barangay Captain of the
Municipality of Taganak and the Province of Tawi-Tawi
as Deputized Conservation Officers. 14 June 1982.

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 34. "To
Declare the Municipality of Caluya as Marine Turtle
Sanctuary." 21 June 1982.

Ministry of Natural Resources Special Order No. 357. "Creating
a Council of Deputy Conservation Officers in the
Province of Tawi-Tawi."

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 33,
Series of 1982. "Regulations Governing the Collection of
Marine Turtle Eggs in the Province of Tawi-Tawi and
Reiterating the Duties and Responsibilities of Deputy
Conservation Officers and Deputy Game Wardens." 11
August 1982. 4 pp.

Ministry of Natural Resources Memorandum. "Management
Authority over Marine Turtles." 1 September 1982.

Bureau of Forest Development Memorandum. "Prohibition in the
Collection, Transportation and/or Exportation of Marine
Turtles and Byproducts." 1 October 1982.

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 1.
"Deputizing the Provincial Governors, Vice-Governors
and Municipal Mayors, areas critical for the protection of
Marine Turtles in Philippines, as Conservation Officers."
21 January 1983.

Ministry of Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 518.
1984: Establishing certain areas in Northwestern
Palawan as Marine Turtle Sanctuary and Promulgating
Rules for Administration and Control thereof

Ministry of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and
Natural Resources Special Order 884. 1989

Republic Act No. 7586. An Act Providing for the establishment
and management of National Integrated Protected Areas
System, defining its scope and coverage and for other
purposes" NIPAS Act. 1992.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Administrative Order No. 25, series of 1992.
Implementing Rules and regulations: NIPAS Act of
1992.

Republic Act No. 8550 "The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998."
57 pp.

Department of Agriculture. "Implementing Rules and Regulations:
The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (RA No. 8550)."
71 pp.

Joint DENR-DOT Memorandum Circular No. 98-02. Guidelines
for Ecotourism Development in the Philippines. 1998.7
pp.

A useful site with information on Environmental laws of the Philippines is the http://www.chanrobles.com/legal9.htm

MEMORANDA OF AGREEMENT

Memorandum of Agreement between the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources and Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas for the Turtle Islands
Integrated Conservation and Development
Project, 1996,

Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of the
Republic of the Philippines and the Government of
Malaysia on the Establishment of the Turtle Island
Heritage Protected Area. May 31, 1996, 6 pp.

SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS

Alcala, A. C. 1976. Philippine Land Vertebrates: Field Biology.
(a college textbook). New Day Publishers; Quezon City:
1-167. (illustr.)

Alcala, A. C., 1980. Observations on the ecology of the Pacific
Hawksbill turtle in the central Visayas, Philippines.
Philippines Journal of Fisheries Research 5 (2): 42-52.

Amor, A. J. 1979. Philippine scientists urge conversion of more
beaches into sea turtle sanctuaries. Tigerpaper 6(2-3):
59-60, (illustr.)

Balazs, G. H., Gomez, E. D., Linsley, N. B. 1990. Marine turtle
postage stamps of the world--promoting conservation In:
T. H. Richardson, J. I. Richardson and M. Donnelly
(Compilers). Proceedings of the Tenth Annual
Workshop on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation.
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-278.
pp. 215-219.

Basintal, P. and M. Lakim. 1993. Population status and
management of sea turtles at the Sabah Turtle Island
Park. In: A. Nacu, R. Trono, J. A. Palma, D. Torres and
F. Agas, Jr. (eds.) Proceedings of the First ASEAN
Symposium-Workshop on Marine Turtle Conservation.
World Wildlife Fund, Manila, Philippines. pp. 139-149.

Bate, E. 1998. The influence of some physical factors on green
turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting in Baguan Island, Turtle
islands, tawi-Tawi. Masteral Thesis. Miriam
College(unpublished).

Bate, E. 1998. Characterization of the physical environment of the
Turtle Islands group. TIHPA Management Plan project.
WWF-Philippines (unpublished)

Chan E. H. and Liew H. C. 1996. A Management Plan for the
Green and Hawksbill Turtle Populations of the Sabah
Turtle Islands: A Report to Sabah Parks. xiv + 102 pp.

Chan, Joscelyn. 1988. Sex identification of green sea turtle,
Chelonia mydas, hatchlings using histological techniques.
Unpublished Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Thesis,
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Philippines. 28 pp.

Cola, Raoul M. 1998. Social and Institutional Assessment for
Turtle Islands Integrated Conservation and Development
Project. WWF-Philippines. 96 pp. (unpublished)

Cruz, Renato D. 1998. Information and education campaigns for
marien turtles in the Philippines. Poster presentation
during the 18th Annual Symposium of Turtle Biology and
Conservation. Mexico. March 1998.

De Celis, N. C. 1982. Status of marine turtles in the Philippines.
In: K. A. Bjorndal (Ed.). Biology and Conservation of
Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
D.C., pp.

De Silva, G. S. 1966. Wild life conservation in Sabah. Sabah
Soc. J. 3 (2): 77-84.

De Silva G. S. 1967. Turtles on Sabah Islands. Annual Report
Research Branch Forest Department, Sabah .

De Silva, G. S. 1968. Wildlife conservation in Sabah. Loris, 11
(3): 133-136.

De Silva G. S. 1968. Turtles on Sabah Islands. Annual Report
Research Branch Forest Department, Sabah 18.

De Silva, G. S. 1969. Turtle conservation in Sabah. Sabah
Society Journal, 5 (1): 6-26.

De Silva, G. S. 1969. Marine turtle conservation in Sabah.
Annual Report of the Research Branch of the Forest
Department, Sabah, v. 1969, pp. 125-136

De Silva, G. S. 1969. Statement on marine turtles in the State of
Sabah. IUCN Publication New Series Supplementary
Paper, No. 20, pp. 75-79

De Silva, G. S. 1969. The fauna conservation ordinance of
Sabah. Loris, 11: 283-286.

De Silva, G. S. 1971. Marine turtles in the state of Sabah,
Malaysia. IUCN Publications (New Series),
Supplementary Paper. No. 31: 47-52.

De Silva, G. S. 1982. The Leathery Turtle in Sabah. Borneo Res.
Bull. 14(2): 87-88.

De Silva, G. S. 1982. The status of sea turtle populations in east
Malaysia and the south China Sea. In: K. A. Bjorndal
(Ed.). Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles.
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., pp.
327-337.

De Silva, G. S. 1982. Protected areas and turtle eggs in Sabah,
East Malysia. In: J.A. McNeely and K. R. Miller (eds),
National Parks, Conservation, and Development. The
Role of Protected Areas in Sustaining Society.
Proceedings of the World Congress on National Parks,
Bali, Indonesia, 11-22 October. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 154-159.

De Silva, G. S. 1986. Turtle Tagging And International Tag
Returns For Sabah, East Malaysia. Sarawak Museum
Journal. 36 (57): 263-272.

De Silva, G. S. 1987. The leatherback and the olive ridley in
Sabah waters. Sarawak Museum Journal. 37 (58): 115-
122, (illustr.)

De Silva, G. S. 1991. The marine turtles in Sabah, Malaysia.
1988 review. Conservation of marine sea turtle
resources in Sabah. In: I. Uchida (ed.) International
Symposium on Sea Turtles '88 in Japan. Himeji City
Aquarium, Himeji City, Japan, pp. 85-90.

De Veyra, R. T. R. 1994. Foreign tag returns from the
Philippines. Marine Turtle Newsletter, No. 64, April.

De Veyra, R.T.R. 1994. Status of marine turtles in the Philippines.
In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium of
Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. NOAA Technical
Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-351, K.A.Bjorndal,
A.B.Bolten, D.A.Johnson and P.J.Eliazar (compilers).
323 pp.

De Veyra, R. T. R. 1996. Conservation and research activities in
Taganak, Turtle Islands, Philippines. In: Proceedings of
the First SEAFDEC Workshop on Marine Turtle
Research and Conservation. Marine Fishery Resources
Development and Management Department, Southeast
Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC).
SEAFDEC/MFRDMD/WS-1/96/TR.2 pp. 117-131.

De Veyra, R.T.R. and J.A.M. Palma. 1999. Turtle Islands
Integrated Conservation and Development Project: A
collaborative government - NGO approach for
integrative management. Poster presentation during the
19th Annual Symposium of Turtle Biology and
Conservation. South Padre Island, Texas. March 1999.

Domanty, J. S. 1953. The turtle fisheries of the turtle islands.
Bulletin of the Fisheries Society of Philippines 3 & 4: 3-
27.

Echiverri, C. and R.T.R. de Veyra. 1998. Terrestrial Fauna of the
Philippine Turtle Islands. TIHPA Management Plan
Project. WWF-Philippines (unpublished).

Encarnacion, J. 1989. Notes on the geology of Baguan Island
Island. Unpublished manuscript.

Gomez, E. D. 1979. A review of sea turtle publications in the
Philippines. A paper contributed to the workshop on
marine turtles, Noumea, New Caledonia, December 11-
14, sponsored by the South Pacific Commission and the
U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service.

Gomez, E. D. 1980. A review of the literature on marine turtles in
the Philippines. Kalikasan, Philip. J. Biol. 9 (1): 95-99.

Gomez, E. D. 1982. Problems of enforcing sea turtle conservation
laws in developing countries. In: K. A. Bjorndal (ed.).
Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington D.C. pp. 537-539.

Gomez, E. D., Balazs, G. H. 1983. Marine turtle stamps
promoting conservation. CDC Newsletter, v. 2, no. 2-4,
pp. 15-22.

Integrated Protected Areas System. 1992. Management Plan for
Turtles Islands Marine National Park. 153 pp.

Jabines, R. A. and C. G. S. G. Reyes. 1997. Physical and
chemical analysis of sand from three green turtle
hatcheries in Baguan and Taganak Islands, Tawi-Tawi,
Philippines. Unpublished Bachelor of Science Thesis,
Faculty of Environmental Science Program, College of
Arts and Science, Ateneio de Manila University, Quezon
City. xii + 100 pp.

Jaojoco, E. 1990. Incubation period, emergence percentage,
hatching success and sex ratio of hatchlings collected
from Baguan Island Marine Turtle Sanctuary Central
Hatchery. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, College
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Philippines.

Lagunzad, D. A. 1998. Report on the characterization and
description of the terrestrial vegetation of the Turtle
Islands group. TIHPA Management Plan Project.
WWF_philippines (unpublished).

Licuanan, W.Y. and J.N. Dumaup. 1998. Monitoring of the coral
reef areas of the Philippine Turtle Islands. TIHPA
Management Plan Project. WWF-Philippines
(unpublished)

Limpus, C. 1985. Establishment of an ASEAN Heritage Park at
Turtle Islands. Report to IUCN Survival Services Sea
Turtle Specialist Group and the Philippine Ministry of
Natural Resources. Unpublished report.

Marquez, M.R. FAO species catalogue. Vol. II: Sea turtles of
the world. An annotated and illustrated cataloge of sea turtle
species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol.
II. Rome, FAO. 1990. 81 p.

Matillano, F. S. and D. F. Ladra. 1986. Nesting habitats and
habitat of marine turtles in Quiniluban Island, Palawan.
Philippine Fisheries Newsletter. Jan-Jun, 56-65.

Nacu, A., R. Trono, J. A. Palma, D. Torres and F. Agas, Jr.
(eds.) Proceedings of the First ASEAN Symposium-
Workshop on Marine Turtle Conservation. World
Wildlife Fund, Manila, Philippines. vii + 256 pp.

Palma, J. A. M. 1994. Marine turtle conservation in the
Philippines. In: A. Nacu, R. Trono, J. A. Palma, D.
Torres and F. Agas, Jr. (eds.) Proceedings of the First
ASEAN Symposium-Workshop on Marine Turtle
Conservation. World Wildlife Fund, Manila, Philippines.
pp. 105-122.

Palma, J. A. M. 1996. In: Proceedings of the First SEAFDEC
Workshop on Marine Turtle Research and
Conservation. Marine Fishery Resources Development
and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries
Development Center (SEAFDEC).
SEAFDEC/MFRDMD/WS-1/96/TR.2 pp.

Palma, J. A. M. 1997. Marine Turtle Conservation in the
Philippines and Initiatives Towards a Regional
Management & Conservation program. In:Proceedings
of the Workshop on Marine Turtle Research and
Management in Indonesia. Wetlands International-
Indonesia Programme. 121-138

Pawikan Conservation Project. 1998. PCP Field Action Officers
Report. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau,
Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Quezon City. Unpublished.

Pawikan Conservation Project. 1998. PCP Operational Plan.
Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Quezon City.
Unpublished.

Philippine fishery. In: F. E. Firth (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of
Marine Resources. New York; Van Nostrand Reinhold
Co. pp. 517-521.

Polunin, N. V. C. 1975. Sea turtles: Reports in Thailand, W.
Malaysia and Indonesia, with a synopsis of data on the
conservation status of sea turtles in the Indo-West
Pacific Region. Unpublished report to IUCN. 113 pp.

Rabor, D. S. 1981. Philippine Reptiles & Amphibians. Fund for
Advancement of Science Education, Inc., Univ.
Philippines; Quezon City. pp. 23-24.

Report of the Committee of the Department of Agriculture and
Natural Resources created by Special Order No. 72 to
make a survey of the Turtle Islands. Manila. 27
December 1947.

Report of the Philippine Delegations to Borneo regarding the
transfer of the Turtle and Mangsee Islands. Manilla. 15
September 1947.

Seale, A. 1911. The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands. 4.
Miscellaneous marine products. Philippine Journal of
Science, 6 (6): 283-320.

Seale, A. 1911. The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands.
Miscellaneous marine products. Philippine Journal of
Science, Part IV: The general biology, ethnology and
anthropology. 6 (6): 291-295.

Seale, A. 1917. Sea products of Nimdanao and Sulu, III:
Sponges, tortoise shell, corals and trepang. Philippine
Journal of Science, Part IV: The general biology,
ethnology and anthropology. 7 (1): 202-204.

Sison, T. M. 1990. Isolation and identification of fungi found in
necrotic skin lesions of captive marine turtles
(Eretmochelys imbricata). Philippine Journal of
Veterinary Medicine. 27 (2): 35-36.

Taylor, E. H. 1920. Philippine turtles. Philippine Journal of
Science, 16 (2): 111-144.

Taylor, E. H. 1921. Turtles of the Philippine Islands. Philippine J.
Sci. 16: 111-145.

Taylor, E. H. 1921. Philippine Turtles. Amphibians and Turtles of
the Philippine Islands, Bureau of Printing, Manila. 15:
159-185.

Taylor, E. H. 1921. Amphibians and Turtles of the Philippine
Islands. Bureau of Science Publication, Manila. 15: 158-
163.

Trono, Gavino. 1998. Inventory and Assesment of the Marine
Flora of the Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area.
TIHPA Management Plan Project. WWF-phillipines
(unpublished).

Trono, R. B. 1991. Philippine marine turtle conservation program.
Marine Turtle Newsletter. 53: 5-7.

Trono, R. B. 1992. Management and conservation program of a
protected wildlife species: a case of marine turtles in the
Philippines. Philippines Journal of Public Administration .
36 (4): 388-413.

Trono, R. B. 1993. The Philippine-Sabah Turtle Islands: a critical
management area for sea turtles of the ASEAN region.
In: A. Nacu, R. Trono, J. A. Palma, D. Torres and F.
Agas, Jr. (eds.) Proceedings of the First ASEAN
Symposium-Workshop on Marine Turtle Conservation.
World Wildlife Fund, Manila, Philippines. pp. 167-179.

Trono, R.B. 1999. Operationalizing transborder protected area
for green turtles: The case of the Turtle Islands Heritage
Protected Area. Paper presented during the 19th Annual
Symposium of Turtle Biology and Conservation. South
Padre Island, Texas. March 1999.

Trono, R. B. and R. T. R. de Veyra. 1990. Evaluation of the
reproductive potential of the Chelonia mydas nesting
population in the Baguan Island Marine Turtle Sanctuary,
Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. Haribon
Foundation. (unpublished)

Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines, Inc. 1997.
Philippine Red Data Book: red list of endangered
species. Testudines/Testudinata. pp. 52-71

White, A. 1981. Protection of sea turtle habitat and prevention of
exploitation: A Philippine emphasis. Silliman Journal, 28
(1-2): 23-31.

Yaptinchay, A. A. S. P. and R. R. de Veyra. 1993. Some
manipulative factors affecting hatchling production in the
Baguan Island Marine turtle Sanctuary Hatchery. In: A.
Nacu, R. Trono, J. A. Palma, D. Torres and F. Agas, Jr.
(eds.) Proceedings of the First ASEAN Symposium-
Workshop on Marine Turtle Conservation. World
Wildlife Fund, Manila, Philippines. pp. 181-191.Zamora,
P.M. 1998. Report characterizing the terrestrial habitat
of the Turtle Islands. TIHPA Management Plan Project.
WWF-Philippines (unpublished).

For an on-line bibliography on literature on sea turtles, see the site available at the Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA:

http://sp11.nerdc.ufl.edu

Click on <Databases A-Z>
At the next page, click on the letter <S> in the row of letters at the top of the page. At the next page, click on <Sea Turtle Biobliography>.

The Marine Turtle Newsletter is available on-line at http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/

For detailed information on a comprehensive sea turtle conservation programme in Malaysia, including volunteer opportunities and turtle and turtle nest adoption schemes, have a look at this site of the Sea Turtle Research Unit at Universiti Putra Malaysia Terengganu:

http://www.upmt.edu.my/seatru
NEW!!! http://www.e-my.net.my/terengganu/turtles/seatru/index.html

This is a resort area in Palawan that uses sea turtles as an attraction
for tourists.

http://www.clubpar.com/calauit.html

Their Dugong page is

http://www.clubpar.com/dugong.html
http://www2.travelsmart.net/ph/resorts/Palawan/Club_Paradise/Dugong.htm

An article in Archipelago about Turtle Islands

http://www.archipelago.com.ph/current/feature4.html